Title: Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
Description:Independent policy research institute for Israeli foreign affairs. Offers a collection of publications on Iran, the Israeli-Arab peace process, Middle East diplomacy, conferences on international law, Resolution 242, the Daniel Elazar collection, articles by Dore Gold, Jewish Political Studies Review.
Keywords:Jerusalem, Israel, security, policy, Hamas, Iran, Hizballah, Hezbollah, Hizbullah, Ahmadinejad, terror, Islam, Palestinians
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Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
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Daily Alert Headlines:
Clinton: U.S. Won't Give Up Push for Mideast Peace Israel Pleased Clinton Rejects Imposed Solution U.S. Says Recognition of Palestinian State Premature U.S. and Allies Plan More Sanctions Against Iran U.S. Report: German Nazis Paid "a Fortune" to Jerusalem Mufti Hitler's Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, U.S. Intelligence and the Cold War Documents Show Nixon Ordered Jews Excluded from Israel Policy Netanyahu: Dividing Jerusalem Is Not Israeli Policy U.S. Envoy to Begin Talks on "Core Issues" Israel Sending Aid to Colombian Flood Victims Yad Vashem to Teach Holocaust to Arabs Why the U.S.-Israel Settlement Deal Fell Apart Sen. Lieberman on Settlement Freeze: "When You Are in a Hole, Stop Digging" Zionists and Settlers U.S.: There Is No Alternative to Negotiations
Newest Studies
Institute for Contemporary Affairs/Wechsler Family Foundation
Recognition of a Palestinian State - Premature, Legally Invalid, and Undermining any Bona Fide Negotiation Process
- Alan Baker
The acts of recognition of a Palestinian state in 1967 borders by Brazil, Argentina, and possibly other Latin American states have no significance other than as a political expression of opinion.
The unceasing efforts among states by the leadership of the Palestinian Authority to attain recognition of unilateral statehood within the 1967 borders and thereby bypass the accepted negotiation process, runs counter to their commitments in their agreements with Israel, as witnessed and guaranteed by members of the international community.
The hostile actions and statements of the Palestinian leadership are indicative of an utter lack of a genuine will to reach a peaceful settlement.
King Abdullah’s Illness and the Saudi Succession
- Joshua Teitelbaum
If King Abdullah, who is 87, dies, Prince Nayif, 77, will most likely becoming crown prince after current Crown Prince Sultan, 86, assumes the throne. Although every ruler brings his own nuance, the West can be assured that Saudi Arabia will experience no major upheavals as a result of a succession to the throne.
See also Arms for the King and His Family: The U.S. Arms Sale to Saudi Arabia
Rachel’s Tomb, a Jewish Holy Place, Was Never a Mosque
- Nadav Shragai
UNESCO has declared that Rachel rsquo;s Tomb near Jerusalem is a mosque ndash; endorsing a Palestinian claim that first surfaced only in 1996 and which ignores centuries of Muslim tradition. This year, Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan even argued that the Jews had no connection to Rachel #39;s Tomb. However, the Ottoman Empire, in an imperial decree, acknowledged in the 19th century that Rachel #39;s Tomb is a Jewish holy site. (Photo: Ottoman imperial decree from 1830)
How the Changing Nature of Threats to Israel Affects Vital Security Arrangements
- Maj.-Gen. (res.) Giora Eiland
How do we resolve the dilemma of a peace agreement that includes handing over the Golan Heights to the Syrians, while facing the fact that Israel cannot be defended without the Golan Heights? The way around this was supposed to be the inclusion in any peace agreement of specific security arrangements. Yet this approach was based on a number of assumptions, all of them misguided.
Ahmadinejad in Lebanon
- Shimon Shapira
Iranian President Ahmadinejad rsquo;s visit to Lebanon constitutes an additional stage in the process of the Lebanese state rsquo;s collapse. From now on, Hizbullah supporters will find it difficult to argue that theirs is a national Lebanese party operating in the Lebanese reality on behalf of Lebanese objectives.
Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People: From the San Remo Conference (1920) to the Netanyahu-Abbas Talks
- Joshua Teitelbaum
According to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the real root of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians had been their ongoing refusal to recognize "the right of the Jewish people to a state of their own in their historic homeland" and he has singled out this issue as a key "prerequisite for ending the conflict." Netanyahu #39;s proposal puts back on the global agenda a fundamental Jewish national right that was once axiomatic but today is rarely mentioned.
The Sources of Iranian Negotiating Behavior
- Harold Rhode
This analysis identifies patterns exhibited by the Iranian government and the Iranian people since ancient times. Most importantly, it identifies critical elements of Iranian culture that have been systematically ignored by policymakers for decades. It is a precise understanding of these cultural cues that should guide policy objective toward the Iranian government.
Will an IDF Withdrawal from the West Bank Mean a Safe Haven for Extremist Groups?
- Col. (ret.) Richard Kemp
To stand any real chance of success, every insurgent or terrorist movement needs a safe haven to operate from. Israel has had more than a flavor of what it can mean to leave hostile groups in control of lands adjacent to its own borders in southern Lebanon and in Gaza. Any similar move to totally cede control to the Palestinians of the West Bank or a part of Jerusalem would carry immense risk.
- View Video
Back to Basics on Israel’s Security Needs
- Elliott Abrams
U.S. policy since 1967, developed under President Johnson, included the idea that the so-called rsquo;67 borders were incapable of providing Israel with adequate defense and would change. The letter from President Bush to Prime Minister Sharon of April 14, 2004, makes no reference to the rsquo;67 borders. It refers to ldquo;the armistice lines of 1949.
The issue of ldquo;incitement rdquo; is not trivial or marginal. In the case of Israel and the Palestinians, the location of the border and what is on the other side of that border are equally important. The incitement issue is a security issue.
- View video
Has U.S. Policy on Israel Changed Since the July 6 Obama-Netanyahu Summit?
- Zalman Shoval
President Obama came into office with strong preconceptions about foreign policy and especially about the Arab-Israeli conflict. The main result of the administration rsquo;s new policy was to encourage the Palestinians to take more hard-line positions. Palestinian Authority head Mahmoud Abbas began to insist on preconditions for direct negotiations which never existed before.
The Obama administration now appears to have concluded that the tactics it employed against the Netanyahu government were self-defeating. But it is premature to establish that it has revised its overall strategic outlook.
The Mayor's Vision for Jerusalem
- Nir Barkat
Jerusalem has a population of 800,000 people today, which will grow to a million people twenty years from now. The current population ratio is one-third Muslim, two-thirds Jewish, and two percent Christian. In the next twenty years, we anticipate a need for 50,000 apartments ndash; one-third for the Arab population and two-thirds for the Jewish population. Jerusalem must stay united. There is not one example in the world of a divided city that ever worked.
The Legal Basis of Israel's Naval Blockade of Gaza
- Ruth Lapidoth
A ship that clearly intends to breach a lawful blockade may be stopped when it is still on the high seas. Stopping the flotilla heading for Gaza in international waters 100 kilometers from Israel was not illegal; in time of armed conflict, ships intending to breach the blockade may be searched even on the high seas. Israel is in full compliance with international law because it fulfilled all of the conditions for a lawful blockade.
Constructive Clarity in Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations
- Beni Begin
The PLO platform, as reaffirmed in the Fatah Congress in August 2009, states that their struggle will not stop until the Zionist entity is eliminated and Palestine is liberated. As a logical corollary, they refuse to accept Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people. The Palestinian leadership insists that negotiations now start at the point they had reached with Olmert at the end of 2008. That means they are not satisfied with what was put on the table a year ago. They want more than that.
The Myth of the Siege of Gaza
- Lt. Col. (ret.) Jonathan D. Halevi
Gaza is not cut off from the outside world. In the last year, the markets of Gaza have been flooded with produce and merchandise. From June 2007 (the date of the Hamas military takeover of Gaza), overall monetary transfers to Gaza have totaled over $5 billion from governmental and extragovernmental sources.
There is also an established economic system of Palestinian imports from Egypt via hundreds of tunnels operating under the control of a Hamas government that grants approval for operating them and collects taxes from their owners. The tunnel network has increased imports from Egypt to Gaza from $30 million annually during the years 1994-2006 to more than $650 million annually.
Israel and the Question of a Nuclear-Free Zone in the Middle East
- Dore Gold
The Egyptians have effectively manipulated the Iranian issue in order to advance their long-term nuclear objectives vis-a-vis Israel, and have created a new linkage between Iran and Israel. The Egyptian argument of linkage is completely baseless. Iran #39;s drive for nuclear weapons emanates from its regional ambitions to become the main hegemonial power in the Middle East. Even if Israel did not exist, Iran would still be racing to develop nuclear weapons to further its own ambitions.
Is Israel a Colonial State?
- Irwin J. Mansdorf
Israel #39;s creation, far from being a foreign colonial transplant, can actually be seen as the vanguard of and impetus for decolonialization of the entire Middle East, including a significant part of the Arab world. It is not popularly recognized how the Arab world benefited from the Balfour Declaration, which served to advance their own independence from the colonial powers of England and France.
The Palestinians' Unilateral quot;Kosovo Strategy quot;: Implications for the PA and Israel
- Dan Diker
Mahmoud Abbas #39; new precondition that the international community recognize the 1967 lines in the West Bank as the new Palestinian border bolsters the assessment that the Palestinians have largely abandoned a negotiated settlement and instead are actively pursuing a unilateral approach to statehood.
The Palestinians are legally bound to negotiate a bilateral solution with Israel. Unilateral Palestinian threats to declare statehood have been rebuffed thus far by the European powers and the United States.
New Developments in Iran's Missile Capabilities: Implications Beyond the Middle East
- Dr. Uzi Rubin
Iran is vigorously pursuing several missile and space programs at an almost feverish pace with impressive achievements. The solid-propellant Sejil missile signifies a breakthrough. Iran will face no significant hurdle in upscaling the Sejil to put most of the EU under threat.
Download the powerpoint presentation that accompanied the briefing.
U.S. Policy on Israeli Settlements
- Dore Gold
In seeking to constrain Israeli settlement activity, the U.S. is essentially trying to obtain additional Israeli concessions that were not formally required according to Israel #39;s legal obligations under the Oslo Accords. The U.S. and Israel have already negotiated specific guidelines for settlement activity so that it will not diminish the territory of a future Palestinian entity. Given the fact that the amount of territory taken up by the built-up areas of all the settlements in the West Bank is 1.7% of the territory, the marginal increase in territory that might be affected by natural growth is infinitesimal. It might be that the present tension in U.S.-Israeli relations is not over settlements, but rather over the extent of an Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank that the Obama administration envisions.
Jerusalem: The Dangers of Division
An Alternative to Separation from the Arab Neighborhoods
- Nadav Shragai
A principal argument of those who support the division of Israel #39;s capital is the need to improve the city #39;s demographic balance between Jews and Arabs in favor of Jews. However, a higher Arab birthrate is not the primary cause for the decrease in the Jewish majority in Jerusalem. Rather, the main reason is that large numbers of Jews are leaving the city due to housing and employment difficulties. To reverse Jewish emigration from Jerusalem, the city must be declared an area of national priority of the highest order.
Hamas Is Not the IRA: The Myths, Misconceptions and Misapplication of the Northern Ireland Peace Process
- John Bew and Martyn Frampton
It has become fashionable to look to the lessons of the peace process in Northern Ireland as holding insights for other areas of conflict in the world. However, the core realities unique to the region do not necessarily translate elsewhere. For the British government, formal negotiations with the IRA could only occur in a context in which republican violence had been brought to an end. With the IRA in a position of declining military and political fortunes, it sought to extricate itself via the peace process.
Daily Alert
The highly acclaimed Daily Alert Internet newsletter,
produced for the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish
Organizations by the Jerusalem Center, offers 100 hyperlinked
excerpts of Israel-related news stories each week from mainstream
English and Hebrew media sources.
Read More gt; gt;
Defensible Borders for a Lasting Peace
New and Updated Version
When Prime Minister Ariel Sharon first proposed his Gaza Disengagement Plan he did not seek a quid pro quo from the Palestinian side. Instead, he obtained one from the United States in the form of a letter from President George W. Bush, dated April 14, 2004, in which the U.S. assured Israel that with respect to the disputed West Bank, Israel was entitled to defensible borders. How the idea of defensible borders works into the post-Iraq War Middle East is fully examined as well as the territorial, legal, and policy implications of this critical U.S. guarantee.
Special Studies and Events
Long-Term Jerusalem Center Projects
The Palestinian Refugees on the Day After quot;Independence quot;
- Jonathan D. Halevi
According to the Palestinian consensus, non-implementation of the right of return will leave open the gates of the conflict with Israel. This implies justification for the continued armed struggle against Israel even following the establishment of a Palestinian state. Furthermore, the Arab Peace Initiative does not envision the Palestinian refugees being resettled in a West Bank and Gaza Palestinian state.
New Study: Israel's Critical Security Needs for a Viable Peace
Tel Aviv as seen from the West Bank
In light of a widening range of threats to Israel #39;s security, for the first time a group of senior Israeli generals has come together to outline the basic principles of a defense policy - rooted in a consensus spanning past and present Israeli governments - which is focused on Israel maintaining defensible borders.
The crisis over the Hamas flotilla to Gaza illustrates how some of Israel #39;s critical alliances in the Middle East are changing, especially its relationship with Turkey, and the importance of designing a defense policy that takes into account the uncertainties that Israel faces with many of its neighbors.
Recent events only underscore that it is critical for Israel to preserve the principle of defending itself by itself.
Israel's Critical Security Needs for a Viable Peace
embed
This video details Israel #39;s critical security need for defensible borders to prevent threats to its existence.
Averting Palestinian Unilateralism: The International Criminal Court and the Recognition of the Palestinian Authority as a Palestinian State
- Ambassador Dore Gold with Diane Morrison
A unilateral declaration of statehood, instead of a negotiated solution to the conflict, would not only be a treaty violation, but could affect international reactions to the newly created Palestinian state. According to the Restatement of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States, a state is required not to recognize or treat as a state any entity which has "attained the qualifications of statehood in violation of international law."
To circumvent this problem, the Palestinian Authority might attempt to be conferred with statehood by others, especially by international institutions that decide it already has the attributes of a state.
The UN Gaza Report: A Substantive Critique
Amb. Dore Gold and Judge Richard Goldstone discuss the UN Report on war crimes in Gaza at Brandeis University.
bull; Watch Abbreviated Video Presentation
bull; Updated Dore Gold Critique of Goldstone in U.S. News amp; World Report
bull; View the Powerpoint Presentation
bull; Download Expanded Text of Amb. Gold rsquo;s Presentation
Proportionality in Modern Asymmetrical Wars
- Amichai Cohen
As the uses of force in Somalia, Kosovo, and Iraq show, Western armies are very concerned about protecting the lives of their soldiers, and to that end are willing to risk many civilian lives. They also find acceptable the notion that civilian lives can be forfeited in order to attain important military goals.
Israel #39;s Gaza operation clearly shows that Israeli commanders successfully followed the requirements of the administrative model of the principle of proportionality. The IDF required commanders to take humanitarian law into account in the planning stages of the operation. Legal advisors were involved in the planning of many operations and provided advice regarding specific targets. The right questions were asked, checks were made, and the incidental damage to civilians was on the whole limited.
Curbing the Manipulation of Universal Jurisdiction
- Diane Morrison and Justus Reid Weiner
The principle of universal jurisdiction has been, and continues to be, an important tool in the legal practitioner #39;s tool box and an essential means for achieving justice for international crimes. Unfortunately, the principle has also become a political device employed for far more cynical means and far less noble purposes. In the early 1960s, Israel was one of the first states to invoke the principle of universal jurisdiction in its groundbreaking trial against Adolf Eichmann, the "architect of the Holocaust."
The Campaign to Delegitimize Israel with the False Charge of Apartheid
- Robbie Sabel
Israel is a multi-racial society, and the Arab minority actively participates in the political process. There are Arab parliamentarians, Arab judges including on the Supreme Court, Arab cabinet ministers, Arab heads of hospital departments, Arab university professors, Arab diplomats in the Foreign Service, and very senior Arab police and army officers. Incitement to racism in Israel is a criminal offence, as is discrimination on the basis of race or religion. The comparison of Israel to South Africa under white supremist rule has been utterly rejected by those with intimate understanding of the old Apartheid system.
Why Is Israel’s Presence in the Territories Still Called quot;Occupation quot;?
- Avinoam Sharon
The term "occupation" is often employed politically, without regard for its general or legal meaning. Iraq was occupied by the Coalition forces from the spring of 2003 until June 28, 2004, at which time authority was handed over to the Iraqi Interim Government. At that point, Coalition forces remained in Iraq, but Iraq was no longer deemed occupied. If handing over authority to a Coalition-appointed interim government ended the occupation of Iraq, would the same not hold true for the establishment of the Palestinian Authority and Israel?
Defensible Borders on the Golan Heights
- Maj.-Gen. (res.) Giora Eiland
Israeli-Syrian negotiations in 1999-2000 discussed security arrangements to compensate Israel for the loss of the Golan Heights. The idea was to guarantee that in case of war, IDF forces could quickly return to the place where they are currently stationed. This analysis demonstrates that Israel does not possess a plausible solution to its security needs without the Golan Heights. Not only was the "solution" proposed in the year 2000 implausible at the time, but changing circumstances have rendered Israel #39;s forfeiture of the Golan today an even more reckless act.
The Arab Peace Initiative: A Primer and Future Prospects
- Joshua Teitelbaum
In the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the U.S., Saudi Arabia was under intense scrutiny since 15 of the 19 hijackers were Saudis. In Feb. 2002, Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia proposed to Israel "full withdrawal" from the territories in return for "full normalization." In a flash, Abdullah transformed the discourse from Saudi involvement in terrorism to Saudi peacemaking. However, by the time the Abdullah trial balloon reached the Arab summit in Beirut in March 2002, the initiative had been modified and its terms hardened. It watered down "full normalization," rewarded Syria with a presence on the shores of the Sea of Galilee, and enshrined a Palestinian "right of return" to Israel.
The Abuse of Universal Jurisdiction
London, November 26, 2008
To View Maj.-Gen (res.) Almog #39;s Presentation Click Here
IDF Maj.-Gen. (res.) Doron Almog addressed a conference in London on Nov. 26, sponsored by the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, Global Law Forum and the Henry Jackson Society, through a video link, since according to British law he could be arrested in Britain for allegations made by Palestinian activists with regard to his past efforts to fight terrorist organizations in Gaza.
The idea of universal jurisdiction was conceived to stop officials who have engaged in war crimes, like genocide, and who have escaped the law. It should be directed at countries like Iran, where those who incite for mass murder are considered heroes, and not against the U.S., the UK and Israel, who are leading the war on terrorism and have functioning legal systems that prosecute those who really violate the laws of war.
Panel Discussion: Ambassador Dore Gold; Prof. Gregory Gordon - Former Legal Officer, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, first Post-Nuremberg Prosecutions for Incitement to Genocide; Adv. Irit Kohn - former Director of the International Department of the Israeli Ministry of Justice; Prof. Avi Bell - Global Law Forum, Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs and Bar-Ilan University; Prof. Eugene Kontorovich - Northwestern University School of Law. To View Panel Discussion Click Here
Referral of Iranian President Ahmadinejad on the Charge of Incitement to Commit Genocide
- Justus Reid Weiner, Esq., with Amb. Meir Rosenne, Prof. Elie Wiesel, Amb. Dore Gold, Irit Kohn, Adv., Amb. Eytan Bentsur, and MK Dan Naveh
Download Full Report (1M pdf file)
What Iranian Leaders Really Say about Doing Away with Israel: A Refutation of the Campaign to Excuse Ahmadinejad’s Incitement to Genocide
- Joshua Teitelbaum
Download Full Report
Conference - quot;State-Sanctioned Incitement to Genocide: What Can Be Done? quot;
Washington, September 23, 2008
To View Conference Click Here
Iran's Race for Regional Supremacy: Strategic Implications for the Middle East
- Lt.-Gen. (ret.) Moshe Yaalon, Dr. Dore Gold, Maj.-Gen. (res.) Aharon Farkash, Brig.-Gen. (ret.) Dr. Shimon Shapira, Daniel Diker, Uzi Rubin, Dr. Martin Kramer, Lt.-Col. (ret.) Jonathan D. Halevi
Iran has accelerated its quest for regional supremacy through its mobilization of both Shiite and Sunni terror surrogates, including Hizbullah in Lebanon, Shiite militias in Iraq and in the Gulf, the Taliban in Afghanistan, and Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and the Al Aksa Martyrs #39; Brigades in the Palestinian territories. This pivotal Iranian role has unfortunately not been fully appreciated, and even downplayed in certain quarters.
Download Full Report
Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism
From Durban I to Durban II: Preventing Poisonous Anti-Semitism
- Alfred H. Moses
There can be no repeat of the anti-Semitism displayed at Durban. It has no place anywhere, but most certainly not at a follow-up conference to combat racism and intolerance. This message has to be delivered forcefully, not only to Europe and elsewhere but also to the conference #39;s chief sponsors in Africa who have the greatest stake in the outcome of the Durban process. The same message needs to be conveyed to the Muslim world. Similarly there can be no linking of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with racism.
Antisemitism Embedded in British Culture
- Interview with Robert S. Wistrich
Antisemitism has been present in Great Britain for almost a thousand years of recorded history. English literature and culture are drenched in antisemitic stereotypes. Major British authors throughout the centuries transmitted culturally embedded antisemitism to future generations. Although they did not do so deliberately, it was absorbed and has had a long-term, major impact on British society. The anti-Zionist narrative probably has greater legitimacy than in any other Western society. Antisemitism of the "anti-Zionist" variety has achieved such resonance, particularly in elite opinion, that various British media are leaders in this field.
For a complete list of Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism articles, click here.
Major Anti-Semitic Motifs in Arab Cartoons
- Interview with Joël Kotek
The main recurrent motif in Arab cartoons concerning Israel is "the devilish Jew." This image conveys the idea that Jews behave like Nazis, kill children and love blood. The similarity with themes promulgated by the Nazis is evident. Many Arab cartoons praise suicide bombing or call for murder. The collective image of the Jews thus projected lays the groundwork for a possible genocide.
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About the Center
The Jerusalem Center was founded in 1976 by the late Prof. Daniel J. Elazar. It is currently led by Israel’s former UN ambassador Dr. Dore Gold.
The Center is a multidisciplinary, independent non-profit think tank for Israel policy research and education, bringing together the best minds in the political, strategic, diplomatic and legal arenas, in Israel and abroad.
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