Title:Programmable Calculators
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Programmable Calculators
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Programmable
Calculators
.
Introduction
Exhibit Hall
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Introduction
It's the 21st century, and we're surrounded by advanced high technology. You
may be reading these lines through a fourth-generation wireless network using
your smartphone, itself containing more raw computing power than most of the
world had, combined, in the early 1970s. Or, you may be using a desktop computer
with a graphics card that has more parallel processing capabilities than the
world's biggest supercomputer just a couple of decades ago. Meanwhile, you may
be watching Avatar in 3D on a giant
LCD TV that is hanging from your living room
wall, unaware of the ferocious rate at which the TV and your Blu-Ray player
process the MPEG data stream. As you watch, you unselfconsciously play with your
keychain USB stick, the size of your thumb, capable of storing tens of billions
of bits.
It is hard to imagine but it was a mere forty years ago, when transistor
radios still had proud labels announcing quot;solid state quot; and quot;8 transistors quot;,
that the fledgling microchip industry was desperately in search of the
quot;killer app quot; that would create a viable market for their newest invention:
LSI, or Large Scale Integrated circuits, single chips containing as many as
several thousand (!) transistors! Their search was not fruitless: the
quot;killer app quot;, indeed the first consumer electronics device that required LSI
circuitry, arrived in the form of the electronic pocket calculator.
Originally capable of only simple arithmetic, these machines quickly grew in
sophistication, and in a few short years, although few recognized its
significance at the time, the first quot;personal computers quot; were born in the
form of programmable pocket calculators.
Quite possibly, it was my encounter with a Texas
Instruments SR-52
calculator in 1975 or thereabouts at a Budapest repair shop that played the critical role
in my later choice of computer programming for a career. I have owned a programmable
calculator since I was sixteen (when I spent an entire summer's worth of student income to
acquire one.) In the late 1990s, however, I began to buy vintage programmable calculators of all kinds,
building a proud little collection. I also have great fun
repairing vintage calculators, recelling their rechargeable
batteries, reconditioning failing magnetic card readers, and fixing many electronic
problems.
Little did I know when I started this hobby, that in a few short years, I'd have hundreds
of programmable handheld calculators, pocket computers, and similar devices in
this collection.
To view the collection, please use the navigation links on the left, or click
on any of the links below. Or, proceed directly to the
Exhibit Hall.
If you are looking for a
mortgage calculator,
please be sure to check out
PersonalHomeLoanMortgages.com. They provide an array of
mortgage resources, including the
latest mortgage rates
and access to a nationwide directory of
mortgage brokers. They also have
many other types of mortgage calculators that help calculate interest payments and determine when
to refinance.
Notable Pages
Where Can I Get a Manual, and other Frequently
Asked Questions
A unique prototype: the TI-88
Another rare prototype: the HP Xpander
Yet another unique machine: the Al-Hassibah 2000
A notable quot;war story quot;: the HP-91
The Most Primitive Programmable award goes to: the Litronix-2290
The first Russian programmable is not a copycat machine: the B3-21
Made in Hungary, or the story of my first programmable calculator: the PTK-1072
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Viktor T. Toth
Page last modified:
February 27, 2011
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